All technologies used in collecting, processing, storing, transmitting and presenting information to users, all material devices and conceptual tools we use to process information can be called information technologies.. Information systems, on the other hand, are in a wider scope than information technologies.. Information systems include all hardware, software, personnel, data and processes that work together to meet the needs of the user (O’Connor-Nickel, 2002).
We can examine the information processing processes under information systems under seven headings(“ Tools for Information Processes,” 2014):
COLLECTION
The first step of the information processing process is the collection of information to be processed.. This process includes what data is needed, where to get it, and how to get it.. Scanning the barcodes of products in a grocery store can be an example of this process.. The cashier automatically reads the code on the product with a barcode reader.. When the barcode cannot be read with the reader, the value can be entered manually, that is, the information processing processes can be automated as well as performed without a computer.
Different hardware can be used for the collection process.. Examples of these equipment are scanners and digital cameras, microphones and meters.. Devices used to enter data into computers are called input units.. Other examples of computer input units are the keyboard, mouse and browser.
In other respects, we can say that the most important example of software that can be used in this process is the Internet.. There are many data sources on the Internet.. We mentioned that information processing processes can also be carried out without a computer.. For example, interviews, surveys, and note-taking with a pen can be considered as data collection processes without computers.
Organizing
This stage is the preparation stage for other information processing processes.. No changes are made on the data, only how the data will be arranged and displayed is determined.. For example, showing a person’s name, surname and address information one under the other or with commas between them can be evaluated in this organizing process.. At this stage, drawing, word processor, animation programs can be used.. Tools such as paper, pens, card catalogs or a phone book can be used without a computer.
Analysis
This is the stage where the original data is transformed into usable data without changing it.. This stage includes processes such as selecting, sorting and comparing data.. The hotel information system’s automatic creation of a list of vacant rooms and the ranking of students’ grades in an exam can be given as examples of the analysis phase.. The analysis process is directly related to the computation and processing speeds of computers.. Today, the problem of growing and complex data to be processed is solved by interoperable computers with more powerful processors. It can also be saved or retrieved from a recording in a recorded environment without connecting to the Internet.. Recording media can be temporary or permanent.. For example, as you will learn later, random access memory (RAM) used in computers is a non-volatile memory unit that loses information when the power of the computer is cut off.. In contrast, CD is a permanent recording medium.. Data recorded on a CD is not lost until the CD is not physically damaged.. A hardware directly connected to the computer can be used for recording, as well as recording and recall over the network (Internet/cloud).
Processing
At this stage, the previous data is updated and replaced. For example, when you withdraw money from your bank account, the amount you withdraw is updated by deducting it from your account.. When a team scores a goal in a football match, the standings are changed and updated in favor of the team scoring the goal. transfer within and between information systems.. The whole process consists of three main parts.. These are the sender, the medium, and the receiver.. One of the most basic examples of this process is a conversation between two people.. The speaker (sender) transmits the message encoded by sound waves to the listener (receiver) via air (media). can be considered as a process. The display process requires some decisions to be made about how to present the information.. Examples of these decisions are how the text in the output will be formatted and the resolution of the image.. An output device such as a computer screen, printer or speaker is needed during the display.
Computer produced sound, image, text, file recording, etc.. The devices from which it is received are called output units. Above, we tried to present basic information about information processing processes.. Please note, a certain information, a tool used in transaction processes, may also take place in different processes.. One tool cannot work independently of the others.. Therefore, the use of a tool requires the participation of other elements.